Ny Jets Essays - Vinny Testaverde, National Football League Playoffs

Ny Jets Testaverde takes control Jets' quarterback calls own plays in win By Vic Carucci NFL Insider EAST RUTHERFORD, N.J. (Oct. 23, 2000) ? When the New York Jets actually worked with a game plan Monday night, quarterback Vinny Testaverde struggled. Badly. He couldn't get them a single first down against the Miami Dolphins' vaunted defense. In fact, the Jets produced all of seven yards of offense in the first quarter to the Dolphins' 207. By halftime, Miami had 299 yards of offense to the Jets' 99. Testaverde also threw two interceptions in the first half and a third in the third quarter. But in the fourth quarter, with coach Al Groh allowing Testaverde to call his own plays from a no-huddle attack, the Jets' offense caught fire. He guided them to 20 first downs, to only one for Miami, and 30 points, the most in any quarter in franchise history, on the way to a 40-37 overtime victory against the Miami Dolphins. Testaverde finished with 36 completions in 59 attempts for 378 yards (his second highest total as a Jet) and five touchdowns, while throwing three interceptions. His final scoring throw was a three-yarder to offensive tackle Jumbo Elliott that tied the game at 37-37 with 42 seconds left in the fourth quarter, forcing the extra period. After the game, Testaverde talked about his performance in detail: You've staged some incredible comebacks in your career. Has there ever been another one that comes close to this? Testaverde: I wouldn't think so. This is great. We're 6-1. We're leading the division. It was a big game on Monday night. We were just about to get embarrassed out there. We came in at halftime, regrouped. And it's a great feeling. Coach Groh said he gave you freedom in the fourth quarter to call your own plays from no-huddle. Do you like it better that way? Testaverde: Under the circumstance, given that situation, it's hard to call plays from the sidelines. You just waste too much time, and we really needed to run plays. We were being very effective with (the ones Testaverde was calling), so he (Groh) just let me have it. And we kept running a variety of plays, ad-libbing at times, telling guys to run different routes, seeing how (the Dolphins) were playing coverages. Guys just responded well ? everybody from Richie Anderson to Wayne Chrebet to Laveranues Coles to Dedric Ward ? everybody. It was a great effort, it was great to see. The line blocked well. I don't know how many times we threw the ball (59). The last one that I got hit on just before the (winning) field goal was really the only time I got hit tonight. Did you have confidence in that pass to Jumbo Elliott? Testaverde: Yeah, we worked on it the last few weeks and Jumbo made it look easy ? in practice. But the ball was a little bit behind him. And it's hard for a big guy to turn when he's running straight ahead and he made a great catch, there's no question about it. Without it we don't win. What does this win say about the heart of this team? Testaverde: Al's always talking about the heart of this team ? one heart, one mind. With our mental toughness, with our physical play, we're going to win a lot of games. We just need to stay focused. We're not one of the most talented teams in the league. We're not a St. Louis by any stretch of the imagination. But when we play together and we play hard for four quarters, good things will happen for us. Were the Dolphins confused by the offensive package you began to run in the fourth quarter? Testaverde: It seems that the games that when we've come back and won late in the game like this, teams seem a little confused by it. And it's hard for them to practice for all these different looks. We have two running backs out there (Anderson and Curtis Martin) and we can spread them out wide with three wide receivers in the game. We can bring them in tight, and run the football effectively that way. We can put four wides in, using the two-running back package. We can go with three wides. We've got a lot of different combinations, a lot of different plays we run off of these things, and it's hard for a defense to prepare for the regular game plan, and then go prepare for all this. It makes it tough on them. And throughout the course of the game, we find a way to get it done by just experimenting

4 Super Fast Ways of Writing a Book Review

4 Super Fast Ways of Writing a Book Review 4 Super Fast Ways of Writing a Book Review If you search for writing book review  in Google, you will undoubtedly find tons of materials on how to write a book review competently. However, do you know how to write one quickly, especially if you have a fast-approaching deadline? Most articles on book reviews don’t discuss thisand if they do, it is not in length. Here are four ways to write book reviews speedily: Don’t wait to write stuff down while reading your book. Have note cards handy at all times while reading the book, and note important facts, ideas, passages, and your own interpretations down. Organize your notes properly in either alphabetical order or by category. As soon as something strikes you about the book, write it down. Most likely, you will forget what struck you if you wait to write it down. Our attention spans are not that long. Create a format for the review that is a standard for you. It is kind of like a fill-in sheet that you can use to keep you on track. This makes the process of drafting smoother and more organized. Before reading the book, create an outline of the format that you want your reviews to be in. Try to keep to this format as much as you can, but if you feel leeway should be given, then you can break your rules at times. If you are confused about how to format a review, usually reviews begin with introductory information about the book, move onto to giving a summary of the book, and then analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the book in terms of its style, pace, voice, and other characteristics of storytelling. Do automatic writing. Let your inner editor be silent and let the words rip! When writing, write fast without looking back. Remember: you have time to edit later. The first draft is done to get your ideas down according to your pre-designed format. The finer points come later. A good practice is to set a timer. Usually 5 minutes of free writing, taking a break, and doing 5 minutes of free writing again does the trick. Don’t care that your writing sounds crazy, off, inappropriate, or whimsical. No will see this draft besides you. Like Hemingway said, â€Å"Write drunk, edit sober.† You don’t have to drink alcohol to be drunk. Simply write without inner your editor and you are â€Å"drunk† on writing. If you hit a block and can’t seem to get through the review, move onto doing another review. There is no harm in doing two reviews simultaneously. It is better than sitting and doing nothing, being frustrated at yourself and the book you have to review. You can also take a short walk outside or watch a comedy video for 5 minutes. Usually these two things refresh us and make us feel like we can do our work again. Besides these 4 hints, you can always make some coffee, eat some chocolate, or drink some strong tea, and your work will be faster. Having a comfortable space to write that is quiet is also beneficial. At writing company you can get professional book review help from top-rated academic experts. Just fill in the order form online!

A Complete List of John Steinbecks Books

A Complete List of John Steinbeck's Books John Steinbecks books depict a realistic and tender image of his childhood and life spent in Steinbeck Country, the region around the city of Monterrey, California. The world-renowned novelist, playwright, essayist, and short-story writer was born in Salinas, California, in 1902. Growing up in a rural town, he spent his summers working on local ranches which exposed him to the harsh lives of migrant workers. These experiences would provide much of the inspiration for some of his most celebrated works such as Of Mice and Men. John Steinbeck's Books John Steinbeck (1902–1968) was an American novelist, playwright, essayist, and short-story writer.His best-known work includes Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath.  He wrote a series of short stories set in his hometown of Monterrey, California, about the harsh lives of migrant workers there.  He won the Pulitzer Prize for Grapes of Wrath in 1940, and the Nobel Prize in Literature for his body of work in 1962.   Best Known Books Steinbeck published 30 books, including several that were well-respected by both critics and the public. Among those are Tortilla Flat, about a charming group of layabouts who live near Monterey; The Grapes of Wrath about a farming family fleeing the Dust Bowl of Oklahoma for California during the Great Depression; and Of Mice and Men, a story of two itinerant ranch hands struggling to survive. Many of Steinbecks books centered around the difficulties experienced by Americans living in the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression. He also took inspiration for his writing from his time spent as a reporter. His work has stirred controversy and offered a unique view into what life was like for struggling low-income Americans. John Steinbecks Books 1927: Cup of Gold- A historical fiction based loosely on the life of the 17th-century pirate Henry Morgan.1932: The Pastures of Heaven- Twelve interconnected stories about the people in a valley in Monterrey, California, a place which would become central in many of his later works.1933: To a God Unknown- Four brothers who move to California to work a ranch and struggle when drought takes away all they have grown.1935: Tortilla Flat- A small band of Hispanic paisanos in Monterrey enjoy life in Monterrey (Steinbecks first big success).  1936: In Dubious Battle- A labor activist struggles to organize fruit workers in California. Movie still from the 1939 Hal Roach production of Steinbecks Of Mice and Men. Here, George (Burgess Meredith) talks with his oafish friend, Lennie (Lon Chaney, Jr.). Corbis / Getty Images 1937: Of Mice and Men- Two displaced migrants seek work in California during the Great Depression. The book was often a target of censorship for its vulgarity and offensive language.1937: The Red Pony Stories- Episodic novel appearing in magazines between 1933 and 1936, first published together in 1937, about a boy and his life on a California ranch.1938: The Long Valley- A collection of 12 short stories, written over several years and set in the Salinas Valley of California (includes the first Red Pony story).   L-R Dorris Bowden, Jane Darwell and Henry Fonda on the set of the film The Grapes of Wrath. Corbis / Getty Images 1939: The Grapes of Wrath- A poor migrant family from Oklahoma and their struggles to find a place in California. Steinbecks best-known novel and winner of the Pulitzer and other literary prizes.  Ã‚  1941: The Forgotten Village- A documentary film written by Steinbeck and narrated by Burgess Meredith, about a Mexican village grappling with modernization.  1942: The Moon Is Down- A story of a small coastal town in northern Europe which is overrun by an unnamed army (thought to be a fictionalization of the occupation of Norway by the Nazis in World War II).  1942: Bombs Away: The Story of a Bomber Team- A nonfiction account of Steinbecks experiences with several World War II American Army Air bomber crews.  1945- Cannery Row- A story of a disastrous party thrown by the inhabitants of a small town in California for their friend Doc.  1947: The Wayward Bus- Interactions of a cross-section of people at a crossroads bus stop in California.1947: The Pearl- An immense pearl brings ill-effects to an oyster fishermans family.   1948: A Russian Journal- A report from Steinbeck on his travels through the Soviet Union during Joseph Stalins rule.  1950: Burning Bright- A morality story meant to be produced as a play, during which an aging man goes to great lengths to have a child. A fishing boat moves on to a trailer pulled by a truck, in Golfo de Santa Clara, Baja California, in Mexico. Fishermen from this area fish in the Sea of Cortez which is the habitat of an endangered porpoise, La Vaquita. Corbis via Getty Images / Getty Images 1951: The Log from the Sea of Cortez- Steinbecks personal log of a six-week expedition in the Gulf of California he made with marine biologist Ed Ricketts. Written in 1941, published in 1951.1952: East of Eden- A novel about two Salinas valley families in the first two decades of the 20th century, based on the story of Steinbecks own ancestors.  1954: Sweet Thursday- A revisit of the people in Cannery Row, taking place after the main character Doc returns at the end of World War II.1957: The Short Reign of Pippin IV: A Fabrication- A political satire, exploring what might happen if an ordinary fellow was selected to be the King of France.  1958: Once There Was A War- A collection of articles written for the New York Herald Tribune while Steinbeck was a foreign correspondent during World War II.1961: The Winter of Our Discontent- The struggles of a Long Island man whose family has fallen from an aristocratic level to a middle-class existence. Steinbecks last novel.  1962: Travel s with Charley: In Search of America- A travelogue of Steinbecks road trip across the U.S. in a hand-built camper with his dog Charley.   1966: America and Americans- A collection of articles from Steinbecks career as a journalist.  1969: Journal of a Novel: The East of Eden Letters- A series of letters written by Steinbeck to his editor during the writing of East of Eden. Published posthumously (Steinbeck died in 1968).   Mexican-American actor Anthony Quinn, American actors Marlon Brando, Lou Gilbert and Harold Gordon on the set of Viva Zapata! directed by Greek-American Elia Kazan. Corbis / Getty Images 1975: Viva Zapata!- A screenplay written by Steinbeck was used to produce this biographical film about the Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata.  1976: The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights- An adaptation of the legend of King Arthur, started in 1956, and unfinished at his death.  1989: Working Days: The Journals of The Grapes of Wrath- Edited and annotated version of Steinbecks personal journal written while he was working on The Grapes of Wrath. Prizes for Literature   Steinbeck won the Pulitzer Prize in 1940 for The Grapes of Wrath, and a Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962, an award he did not think he deserved. The author was not alone in that thought; many literary critics were also unhappy with the decision. In 2013, the Nobel Prize committee revealed that the author had been a compromise choice, chosen from a bad lot where none of the authors stood out. Many believed that Steinbecks best work was already behind him by the time he was chosen for the award; others believed that the criticism of his win was politically motivated. The authors anti-capitalist slant to his stories made him unpopular with many. In spite of this, he is still considered one of Americas greatest writers and his books are regularly taught in American and British schools.

Review of Early Detection in the diagnosis of Chronic diseas and Essay

Review of Early Detection in the diagnosis of Chronic diseas and cancer-related ailments - Essay Example It also specifies the role of doctors and other health professionals in the field of Oncology. The main objective of writing this dissertation is to communicate the essentials of early diagnosis to the disadvantaged nations of the world that are highly vulnerable to such types of diseases either because of lack of information or lack of resources. Moreover, this paper aims at providing complete information regarding the latest technologies being employed in the field of Oncology for early detection of diseases to reduce mortality rate. Chapter 1 Introduction Cancer and other chronic diseases inflict financial, emotional, and medical liabilities, burdening the healthcare system, patients and their families with huge medical expenses, hardships, and with a need for extensive use of broad-ranging diagnostic facilities and resources. However, initially when new and highly formalized diagnostic systems were not there people usually had improper diagnosis that often led to serious problem. Later with the passage of time science and technology introduced new diagnostic facilities and resources and the problem of diagnosing cancer and other related ailments in time solved to a huge extent. In this context, this paper provides an overview of the value of early detection in reducing mortality rates, the role of new techniques and technologies that need to be understood and utilized in this regard, and the potential role of health educators in working with and between physicians and patients to ensure the awareness and cooperation needed to bring among patients and are trying their level best to highlight the advantages of early detection resources to as many patients as possible. Medical professionals identify three possible health states, indicated respectively in the literature. These three health states on the basis of their occurrence among patients are categorized as So (individual free of disease or disease as yet undetectable), Sp (individual unknowingly has disea se that can be diagnosed), and Sc (disease clinically diagnosed) [1]. The value of early detection in the treatment of cancer and other diseases accompanied with the advantages of diagnosing the disease in time thereby reducing the time of Sp state among patients has received huge attention from the past few years. [2]. Fortunately, advancement in technology, especially in genomics and molecular research, have led to promising and new diagnostic techniques and targeted therapies designed to improve treatment outcomes resulting in reduced mortality rates. However, there is as yet a gap in the literature with respect to the effectiveness and application of these new technologies as well as a need to educate physicians and patients alike as to how these and older technologies can best be made available to patients on a broad scale in order to bring the benefits of early detection and up to date treatment to patients, including those in underserved populations. This need is currently be ing recognized in the emergence of new

Comparing Unethical versus Ethical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparing Unethical versus Ethical - Essay Example The leaders were ethical by showing courage and standing for what was right and by deciding to offer these bonuses to the executive in these conditions. Furthermore, AIG leaders showed respect to the executive by honoring their contract, and they strived for fairness, honesty and straightforwardness for the sake of these executives. Giving bonuses to the executives is a way of encouraging and developing them; hence, it is an indication of ethical leadership. Therefore, in this situation AIG leaders can be considered ethical by possessing these attributes, portrayed through the decision of giving bonuses to the executives. According to Kellerman and Matusak (4), participative leaders commit themselves as members of the team, whereby they discuss with the team members in the decision-making process. Therefore, they seek consensus in order to make the final decision. For example, a participative leader seeks a consensus during negotiations, whereby he or she settles at a deal after consulting with the other team members. On the other hand, the authoritarian leadership is known to dictate task and timelines for completing the assignment for group in order to achieve the set objective. For example, authoritarian leadership style can be applied during a crisis, when the leader has to take control of a situation. Nevertheless, these leaders do not involve members of the team in decision-making. Servant leadership focuses on leading through virtue aimed at satisfying the needs of the team members. Therefore, this leader establishes a form of democracy among the team members. For example, democratic leaders are keen to listen to the members of the team, whereby the members are given the chance to offer their ideas to the process of decision-making. Moreover, power is achieved by these leaders through values and ideals, though there are convictions that this style of leadership is behind other leadership styles. Stewardship style of

Marketing startegies of kfc Essay Example for Free

Marketing startegies of kfc Essay Harland Sanders was born in 1890 and raised on a farm outside Henryville, Indiana. His father died when he was five years old, forcing his mother to work at a canning plant, and leaving her eldest son to care for his two younger siblings. After he reached seven years of age, his mother taught him how to cook. After leaving the family home at the age of 12, Sanders passed through several professions, with mixed success. In 1930, he took over a Shell filling station on U. S. Route 25 just outside North Corbin, a small city on the edge of the Appalachian Mountains. It was here that he first served to travelers the recipes that he had learned as a boy: fried chicken and other dishes such as steaks, country ham, and pancakes. Originally using his own dining room table, in 1934, he purchased the larger filling station on the other side of the road and expanded to six tables By 1936, this had proved successful enough for Sanders to be given the honorary title of Kentucky colonel by Governor Ruby Laffoon. The following year he expanded his restaurant to 142 seats, and added a motel he purchased across the street, naming it Sanders Court Cafà ©. Sanders was dissatisfied with the 30-minute duration it took to prepare his chicken in an iron frying pan, but he refused to sacrifice quality by deep frying the product. If he pre-prepared the chicken in advance of an order, there was inevitably wastage. In 1939, the first commercial pressure cookers were released onto the market, predominantly designed for steaming vegetables. Sanders bought one, and modified it into a pressure fryer, which he then used to fry chicken. As well as reducing production time to be comparable with deep frying, the new method produced flakier, moister chicken. In 1940, Sanders finalized what came to be known as his Original Recipe of 11 herbs and spices. Although he never publicly revealed the recipe, he admitted to the use of salt and pepper, and claimed that the ingredients stand on everybodys shelf. After being recommissioned as a Kentucky colonel in 1950 by Governor Lawrence Wetherby, Sanders began to dress the part, growing a goatee and wearing a black frock coat (later switched to a white suit), a string tie, and referring to himself as Colonel. His associates went along with the title change, jokingly at first and then in earnest, according to biographer Josh Ozersky. History KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) is a fast food restaurant chain which specializes in fried chicken and is headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. It is the worlds second largest restaurant chain overall (as measured by sales) after McDonalds, with over 18,000 outlets in 120 countries and territories as of December 2012. The company is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, a restaurant company which also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell restaurant chains. KFC was founded by Harland Sanders, a colorful figure who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky, during the Great Depression. Sanders identified the potential of the restaurant franchising concept, and the first Kentucky Fried Chicken franchise opened in Utah in 1952. KFC popularized chicken in the fast food industry, diversifying the market by challenging the established dominance of the hamburger. By branding himself as Colonel Sanders, Harland became a legendary figure of American cultural history, and his image remains prominent in KFC advertising. However, the companys rapid expansion saw it grow too large for Sanders to manage, and in 1964 he sold the company to a group of investors led by John Y. Brown, Jr. and Jack C. Massey. KFC was one of the first fast food chains to expand internationally, opening outlets in England, Mexico and Jamaica by the mid-1960s. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, KFC experienced mixed fortunes domestically, as it went through a series of changes in corporate ownership with little or no experience in the restaurant business. In the early 1970s, KFC was sold to the spirits distributor Heublein, who were taken over by the R.J. Reynolds food and tobacco conglomerate, who sold the chain to PepsiCo. The chain continued to expand overseas however, and in 1987 KFC became the first Western restaurant chain to open in China. The chain has since expanded rapidly in China, and the country is now the companys most profitable market. PepsiCo spun off its restaurants division as Tricon Global Restaurants, which later changed its name to Yum! Brands. KFC primarily sells fried chicken pieces and variations such as chicken fillet burgers (chicken sandwiches [US]) and wraps, salads and side dishes such as French fries and coleslaw, desserts and soft drinks, often supplied by  PepsiCo. Its most famous product is pressure fried chicken pieces, seasoned with Sanders Original Recipe of 11 herbs and spices. The exact nature of these ingredients is unknown, and represents a notable trade secret. Larger portions of fried chicken are served in a distinctive cardboard bucket, which has become a signature product of the chain since being introduced by franchisee Pete Harman in 1957. KFC is known for the slogan finger lickin good, which has since been replaced by Nobody does chicken like KFC and So good. Marketing Marketing is the process of communicating the value of a product or service to customers, for the purpose of selling the product or service. It is a critical business function for attracting customers. From a societal point of view, marketing is the link between a society’s material requirements and its economic patterns of response. Marketing satisfies these needs and wants through exchange processes and building long term relationships. It is the process of communicating the value of a product or service through positioning to customers. Marketing can be looked at as an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, delivering and communicating value to customers, and managing customer relationships in ways that also benefit the organization and its shareholders. Marketing is the science of choosing target markets through market analysis and market segmentation, as well as understanding consumer buying behavior and providing superior customer value. There are five competing concepts under which organizations can choose to operate their business; the production concept, the product concept, the selling concept, the marketing concept, and the holistic marketing concept. The four components of holistic marketing are relationship marketing, internal marketing, integrated marketing, and socially responsive marketing. The set of engagements necessary for successful marketing management includes, capturing marketing insights, connecting with customers, building strong brands, shaping the market offerings, delivering and communicating value, creating long-term growth, and developing marketing strategies and plans. Marketing Strategies Marketing strategy is defined by David Aaker as a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its resources on the optimal opportunities with the goals of increasing sales and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. Marketing strategy includes all basic and long-term activities in the field of marketing that deal with the analysis of the strategic initial situation of a company and the formulation, evaluation and selection of market-oriented strategies and therefore contribute to the goals of the company and its marketing objectives. Marketing Strategies of KFC KFC IS synonymous with chicken. It has to be because chicken is its flagship product. The latest they have on offer is the marinated hot and crispy chicken that is crrrrisp and crunchy on the outside, and soft and juicy on the inside. It gives you a regular Pepsi with this at nothing more than just Rs. 39. But make no mistake, while this is a rage across the world, and in our very own Bangalore, KFC has made sure one other thing: it doesnt want to alienate the vegetarian community that gave birth to the vegetarian menu. It means you can be veg and yet be at KFC. KFC offers a wide range of vegetarian products such as the tangy, lip-smacking paneer tikka wrap n roll, the veg de-lite burger, and the veg crispy burger. There are munchies such as the crisp golden veg fingers and crunchy golden fries served with tangy sauces. If you are veg and looking for a meal, you can combine the veg fingers with steaming, peppery rice and a spice curry. The mayonnaise and sauces dont have egg in them. Sharanita Keswani, Director, KFC Marketing, says the vegetarian menu in India came about when KFC found the country had about 35 per cent vegetarians, and in metros such as Delhi and Mumbai, almost 50 per cent. The non-vegetarian is the obvious target customer because, as Ms. Sharanita points out, Bangalore and the rest of south India have over 70 per cent non-vegetarians. But she also observes that chicken is KFCs strength. KFCs vegetarian menu is almost exclusive to India and is the most extensive. Most countries either do not have a vegetarian menu, and some which do, have a burger at the most. Contrary to affecting chicken sales, the presence of a vegetarian menu has made the brand more relevant to a wider cross-section of the consumer society. This is essential as we grow the brand across the country, says Ms. Sharanita. The KFC menu strategy is to balance standardisation and localisation. The localisation works in two ways: to modify a standard chicken product with a different topping or sauce; and to have a vegetarian menu, where necessary, along with the flagship product, chicken. The localisation exercise is undertaken in every country. The U.S. and European markets have a traditional KFC menu based on chicken burgers and wraps, while Asian markets like India have been more experimental and adventurous. Here, they have rice meals, wraps, and sides. The change is imperative as Asian tastes can be very different from Western ones, Ms. Sharanita observes, adding that KFC learnt very early the high demand for vegetarian products in India. KFC has taken care to maintain safeguards on the production of its non-vegetarian products in response to observations by People For Ethical Treatment of Animals that chicken were not being treated humanely by suppliers. The debate has been on for years now and animal rights activists have prompted companies to adopt stringent measures. Pankaj Batra, Director, Marketing, Indian Sub-Continent, Yum! Restaurants International, observes: KFC is committed to the well being and humane treatment of chickens. We require all our suppliers to follow welfare guidelines developed by Yum! Restaurants International, U.S.A., with leading experts on their Animal Welfare Advisory Council. In India, we source chicken from Venkateshwara Hatcheries Limited (Venkys), which is one of the leading and respected organised players in the poultry farming business. They also supply chicken to several reputed hotel and restaurant chains in the country. We respect the Indian law and our guidelines completely adhere to them. Ms. Sharanita points out that while KFCs brand standard products are their strength throughout the world, KFC works around the core and gives consumers products with a familiar taste, especially important in a country like India that is home to such distinct and different food habits. All KFC outlets offer its customers with various forms of incentives to buy its Chicken. Using coupons that one can acquire after spending a particular amount over a period of fixed time, customers can enjoy the benefits of free meals or free add-ons. Additionally they provide meal vouchers and exciting offers in their print ads, which the customer must cut and bring along. KFC in India The first Indian KFC opened in Bangalore in June 1995.[198] Protests ensued from left wing, anti-globalisation and environmental campaigners, as well as local farmers, who objected to the chain bypassing local producers.[199] Many Indians were concerned about the onslaught of consumerism, the loss of national self-sufficiency, and the disruption of indigenous traditions.[200] The protests came to a head in August 1995, when the Bangalore outlet was repeatedly ransacked.[198] KFC Bangalore demanded, and received, a police van permanently parked outside for a year.[199] Rural activist M. D. Nanjundaswamy subsequently claimed KFC would adversely affect the health of the impoverished, by diverting grain from poor people to make the more profitable animal feed.[201] Former environment minister Maneka Gandhi joined the anti-KFC movement.[201] KFC was also accused of using illegally high amounts of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and frying its food in pork fat.[202] A second store opened in Delhi, but was closed by the authorities soon afterwards, purportedly for health reasons, but more likely to avoid a repetition of the Bangalore incident. The two stores only managed to attract a limited, affluent clientele, and KFC decided to abandon the Indian market. KFC returned to India in 1999, with a new Bangalore outlet. This was the sole KFC in India until 2004, when the chain began to expand, albeit with a makeover and a range of new vegetarian dishes. As of December 2012, there were 280 KFCs in the Indian market. As well as the standard KFC offerings, the chain sells a chickpea burger and hot wings with chilli lemon sprinkles.

French Revolution Essay -- essays research papers fc

Why was there a French Revolution? Between, 1789  ¡V 1799, many events occurred in France that caused an outbreak within the people thus leading to a revolution. This culminated in the France becoming a democratic government. This essay will argue that the resentment of absolute government, financial difficulties, the famine, rise of philosophes and the ongoing feud between the estates are all the major causes of why there was a revolution in France. Firstly before going into the topic, the word  ¡Ã‚ §revolution ¡Ã‚ ¨ must be defined.  ¡Ã‚ §A revolution is a relatively sudden and absolutely huge change. This may be a change in the social or political institutions over a relatively short period of time, or a major change in its culture or economy . ¡Ã‚ ¨ In eighteenth-century France, as we have seen, the philosophes came forward and gave their views, which were taken seriously by the public. The views of the philosophes contrasted from teaching maths to teaching about how the world was created. France was in desperate need for help with the country in deep financial trouble and much controversy over the monarchy yet the philosophes were anything but revolutionaries, as they never tried to force one . This is because they did not intend to create harm but to give the people French new ideas on topics. The enlightenment was an intellectual establishment . Diderot's Encyclopedia, banned in the 1750s, was reprinted in a less expensive format with government approval in the 1770s. Among the younger generation, the great cultural hero was Rousseau whose Confessions caused a sensation within the public and changed their minds to free thinking by writing books that were very appealing to the people. These books taught people of different ideas. From this, we can see the beliefs of the philosophes were a main factor in the cause of the French revolution. Eighteenth century France was an absolute monarchy , mainly because of the effort of Louis XIV. The French king had absolute control over all aspects of French political, social, and economic structures. The Estates General, which was a representative institution in that it was composed of representatives from each of the Three Estates, was the only voice the people of France had ever had. The king could do whatever he wanted without being asked as the punishments were severe if anyone complained. An example is the change of the r... ...sentment of absolute government, financial difficulties, the famine, rise of philosophes and the ongoing feud between the estates which all culminated in France having a revolution and becoming a democratic government. Bibliography „h http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture12a.html; accessed on 19/4/05, 17/4/05, Title The French Revolution: The Moderate Stage, 1789-1792; author  ¡V Steven Kreis „h http://jon.plainculture.com/archives/the-french-revolution/; accessed on 12/4/05, Title - Causes and Effects of the French Revolution, author unknown „h http://www.people.memphis.edu/~kenichls/1302FrenchRevolution.html; accessed on 16/4/05; Title - The Causes of the French Revolution; author - unknown „h http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture13a.html; accessed on 19/4/05, 17/4/05, Title The French Revolution: The Radical Stage, 1792-1794, author  ¡V Steven Kreis „h http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/WestEurope/FrenchRev.html accessed on 17/4/05, 18/4/05; Title  ¡V The French Revolution; Author - David W. Koeller „h Encyclopedia Americana volume 12; accessed on 15/4/05, Published in New York, Published in 1970; Title  ¡V French Revolution; Author - Unknown

Questions Regarding Darwin’s Theory Essay

Darwin’s theory of natural selection is revolutionary and he himself is aware of the many difficulties that critiques might throw at him. In his book, â€Å"The Origin of the Species,† he explored these difficulties beginning with the question as to why there are often no intermediate or middle forms between species that are closely related. His answer to this is that the tough competition in nature combined with the small number of intermediate forms often led to their extinction. Only the well-adapted species survive in the wild, and so intermediate forms that don’t have the most adaptive characteristics are easily wiped out from nature. One of the key ideas in Darwin’s theory is that adaptive characteristics in animals are formed through time by numerous tiny modifications. He then posed the question whether it is possible for an animal to acquire certain characteristics that don’t fit its requirements for adaptation. He cited the fact that in most cases, animals have intermediate features that are adaptive to their needs. Thus, for example, flying squirrels may have evolved from simple squirrels and bats may have evolved from flying lemurs (Wichler, 1961, p. 35). There are also invertebrates with very simple eyes that consist of nothing more than pigment-coated optic nerves. Animals with more complex eye structures could have evolved from these creatures with very simple eyes. Darwin stated that his theory could be debunked if it could be illustrated that there are complex organs in nature that did not develop through numerous slight modifications through time (Wichler, 1961, p. 55). He concluded that since he couldn’t find such a case in nature, then his theory still was still true. Evolution does not only manifest in the physical characteristics of organisms, but also in their behavior. Darwin addressed the question of the development of complex behavior by discussing the behaviors of slave-making ants and honey bees that construct hexagonal cells in their hives. He explained that there is a wide range of patterns of behavior among different species. Ants that depend on slavery to survive may have evolved from ants that don’t need such behavior to exist. Similarly, honey bees that make hexagonal cells in their hives may have evolved from honey bees that make circular cells in their hives to reduce the use of wax. He concluded that the behaviors or instincts of organisms are not specially created, but rather result from the process of natural selection where, in a population with varied behaviors, only the fittest survive and the unfit, perish (Wichler, 1961, p. 60). During Darwin’s time, the primary belief is that hybridization is not possible because species have features that prevented fertile and viable hybrids from existing, which preserved the separation of species. Darwin argued that this was not the case, and that the difficulty of producing fertile and viable hybrids differed from one species to another, especially among plant species. There are cases where what were believed to be completely different species resulted in fertile viable hybrids, and cases where organisms that were believed to be varieties under the same species couldn’t easily produce hybrids. Darwin concluded that his theory of natural selection supported the idea that there are no fundamental differences between varieties and species (Arthur, 1987, p. 12). Supporting Research on Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Since Darwin’s time, a lot of progress has been made regarding his theory of evolution through natural selection. Today, biologists all over the world have synthesized the developments that were made for many years, resulting in the new synthesis of evolutionary theory. This synthesis draws ideas from the many branches of the discipline of biology, namely: paleontology, ecology, morphology, botany, systematics, cytology, and genetics (Arthur, 1987, p. 9). The new synthesis became possible because of the introduction of a reliable model of heredity, and the reconciliation of this model with models of natural selection emphasizing gradual evolutionary modifications through time. Scientists accepted many facets of Darwin’s theory and rejected some. Thinkers like August Weismann and Alfred Russel Wallace advocated neo-Darwinism which heavily emphasizes natural selection as a tool of evolution. They rejected Darwin’s claim that acquired characteristics also play a part in evolution. Today, the core concept of neo-Darwinism is understood as natural selection driving evolution with variations generated by recombination and genetic mutation (Arthur, 1987, p. 32). The search for a reliable model of heredity consistent with Darwin’s theory of natural selection led to a long debate by proponents of two schools of though: Mendelism and biometrics. Mendelians believed in Gregor Mendel’s research which was previously conceived to be incompatible with Darwin’s theory of natural selection. They believed that Mendel’s conclusions are compatible with saltationism however, which demonstrated evolution through jumps or big mutations. Karl Pearson and other biometrics opposed the Mendelians claiming empirical evidence pointed to the fact that variation was evidently continuous and not discrete in many organisms. Thus, Mendelism couldn’t be combined with Darwin’s theory during that time, and the Mendelians and biometricians debated hotly for about 20 years (Arthur, 1987, p. 40). Synthesis between Mendel’s and Darwin’s work only became possible through research conducted by RA Fisher, Sewall Wright and JBS Haldane. Fisher demonstrated how continuous variation observed by biometricians could result from the actions of several different genetic loci. Through this research, Fisher was able to establish that contrary to popular thinking, Mendelian genetics was consistent with Darwin’s idea of evolution through natural selection. JBS Haldane supported Fisher’s work by applying mathematical analyses to instances of natural selection in the real world. Haldane concluded that natural selection may work at a faster rate in the real world than Fisher assumed. Sewall Wright’s work further facilitated the synthesis of evolutionary theory by demonstrating genetic drift through the interactions of genetic combinations and inbreeding in small isolated populations (Gould, 1979, p. 20). Work on evolution by field naturalists and population geneticists was synthesized by Theodosius Dobzhansky. In his work, Dobhansky showed that populations in the real world had more genetic variations than many population geneticists assumed. Dobzhansky demonstrated that Darwin’s natural selection maintained genetic diversity in the population and drove changes in the forms of species (Gould, 1979, p. 25). Dobzhansky’s work was complemented by another researcher, Edmund Brisco Ford. Modern ecological genetics draws heavily from Ford’s work that showed how natural selection worked in nature. Ford studied populations of wild moths and butterflies in nature, which verified Fisher’s predictions. Ford was also the first to define and describe genetic polymorphism and its role in human populations to provide protection against diseases (Williams, 2001, p. 45). The correlation between variations in different populations and environmental factors like climate was first established by Bernhard Rensch, a German biologist. Rensch’s work influenced Ernst Mayr who emphasized the significance of the geographical isolation of sub-populations in evolution (Williams, 2001, p. 50). The modern or new synthesis of evolutionary theory was further explored by George Gaylord Simpson who showed that paleontology was compatible with evolution. Simpson’s research was crucial because at that time, many paleontologists disagreed that natural selection was the driving force of evolution. Simpson explained how fossil records were consistent with the synthesized theory of evolution which depicted evolution as having irregular branches, instead of linear. Research on natural selection did not only focus on animals through the years. G Ledyard Stebbins, a botanist, contributed to the new synthesis by showing hybridization’s effects in some types of plants. After the many advances made in the 1930s and 1940s, the new evolutionary synthesis was refined even further by the works of John Maynard Smith, George C. Williams, and WD Hamilton. These scientists took Darwin’s ideas and refocused them to a view of evolution that concentrated on the genetic level. Today, the new synthesis, with Darwin’s discovery of natural selection at its core, encompasses other scientific fields and concepts such as genetics and DNA. New discoveries like these allow Darwin’s concepts to be analyzed mathematically, producing vital information on selection, speciation, and altruism. Darwin’s theory is continuously being reviewed by evolutionary biologists today. One interpretation of the theory is by Richard Dawkins who asserted that the only real unit of selection is the gene. Dawkins also applied Darwin’s idea of the survival of the fittest to realms outside biology. For instance, he utilized the concept of natural selection to analyze cultural memes. Scientists and experts from different fields are continuously reviewing Darwin’s theory to explore its usefulness to biology and other disciplines. Conclusion Charles Darwin’s seminal work on evolution through natural selection is very important in understanding how species attained their physical forms and specialized behaviors in nature. It debunked the belief that the forms of species are constant because they are reflections in the mind of god. Instead, Darwin showed that species are forever changing through tiny modifications in their physical aspects and behavior through time. Darwin was also the first to explore the fact that there are no significant differences between variations and species. While many thinkers of the time believed that different species cannot produce hybrids because they have characteristics that prevented them from doing so, Darwin showed how the difficulty of hybridization differed from one species to another. Thus, the tiny differences in the forms and behaviors of organisms are the essential driving force of evolution. Darwin’s theory was not solid however because of the lack of a reliable model of genetics to aide his observations. For this reason, Darwin accepted Lamarck’s view that acquired characteristics can also drive evolution. Darwin thought that the use and disuse of animals of their certain parts had effects on the evolution of a particular species. This flaw however, did not discredit Darwin’s more important observations on how natural selection drives evolution. The theory of natural selection is also important in understanding variations in organisms that exist today. Darwin was able to demonstrate how one species could have evolved from another to adapt to their environment. For instance, flying squirrels may have evolved from simple squirrels to get the food that they need to survive more easily. Complex structures of organs, such as a human’s hand, for instance, could have developed from the simple hands of a creature which other primates share ancestry with. Today, the concept of the survival of the fittest is not only important in the field of evolutionary biology but also in other disciplines, such as social theory and economics. Scientists today are continuously exploring Darwin’s ideas to develop more sound concepts. These concepts should be helpful in understanding how nature works and how humans might respond to its mechanisms. Humans can base agricultural and conservation practices on the many facets of Darwin’s theory to produce useful results in the real world. Evolution today is continuously happening and Darwin’s theory is a vital scientific tool to understand this process and apply it to real-world problems. References Arthur, W. (1987). Theories of Life: Darwin, Mendel, and Beyond. London: Penguin Books. Cuvier, G., et al. (2003). The Evolution Debate, 1813-1870. London: Routledge. Darwin, C. , et al. (1996). On evolution: the development of the theory of natural selection. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing. Endler, J. & A. Endler . (1986). Natural Selection in the Wild. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Gould, S. J. (1979). Ever Since Darwin: Reflections in Natural History. New York: Norton Wichler, G.. (1961). Charles Darwin: the founder of the theory of evolution and natural selection. London: Pergamon Press. Williams, G. C. (2001). Adaptation and Natural Selection. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Leadership Essay

This assignment will examine models and styles of leadership. A reflective analysis will be given of how I led a research team, the impact of Emotional Intelligence on effective leadership will also be discussed. â€Å"The word leader is derived from the Anglo Saxon ‘lede’, meaning ‘to go’. So an organisation that has a leader assumes it is going somewhere†. Adair 1970. There are many theories of what makes a good leader, and also several models of leadership. One of the experts in the field John Adair, whilst working as a lecturer in the 1960-1970s at Sandhurst Royal Military Academy, devised a simple model of â€Å"Action-centred Leadership†. It is represented by three equally sized overlapping circles. Each circle represents a core management responsibility, namely – achieving the task, managing the team and managing the individual. The three elements of Adair’s model are mutually dependent, but also separate to the overall leadership role. Working as a Research Nurse leading a team I quickly recognised that there is no single style of leadership that produces the desired results, each member of the team is individual and responds differently. The ideal approach is to use the style of leadership appropriate to the situation. A good leader will adopt several styles and is able to use them seamlessly and in different measures, it is a skill which needs mastered over time. â€Å"A skilled leader will also be able to catch the mood of the time†. Adair (1970). There are six basic leadership styles: – Coercive, authoritative, affilliative, democratic, pacesetting and coaching. The coercive style can be very effective in crisis situations, when situations need resolved speedily. It can have a negative effect on employee’s motivation and can be perceived as dictatorial. The authoritative style is useful when a team appears to be dysfunctional, though it can become problematic when steering teams of experts who maybe more experienced than the leader. The affilliative style of leadership displays, â€Å"people come first† attitude, this helps in trying to bring a team together to produce more effectively. The democratic style allows employees to have a voice in shared decisions and become involved in generating new ideas. Although it can be effective, it can also be very time consuming, and the identity of the leader may be lost. The fifth style of leadership is â€Å"the pacesetting† style – this is where the leader sets high standards and is visibly adhering to those standards. This approach can have a motivating effect, but can also produce negativity if unachievable targets are set. Finally the coaching style of leadership – this focuses more on personal development than on tasks or targets. It encourages self-awareness, allowing the leader to identify areas of weakness, and able to embrace change rather than resist it. Traits theorists like Stogdill (1974) believed that leaders were born, not made, this approach was best suited to selecting leaders rather than developing them. The people who made good leaders had the right combination of traits. Reflecting on my role as a leader, my main focus was to encourage and motivate staff. It was essential to acknowledge that nurses on the unit were already under pressure with their day to day tasks, in an ever-changing critical environment. To then request staff to participate in a research project required a tactful and supportive approach. l was conscious of the importance of being a visible team leader, and being available to support and encourage staff. Having not had any leadership training in my career, I found myself relying on my intuition in certain situations. To create a positive research culture requires commitment, determination, consistency and a high level of motivation. How do I motivate staff? Was a question I often asked myself. I acknowledged that the â€Å"one size fits all† approach does not work. Individuals are motivated by different interests. How I viewed the project and how others did varied greatly, as did enthusiasm. My view was that this was potentially a ground-breaking study which could change the way the world managed a specific patient group. For others it was just another research project. When individuals are motivated the visible trend is that of high performance with consistently high results, an energetic and enthusiastic work force, which have a clear determination to succeed. They have a willingness to overcome problems, accept responsibility and embrace change. These are essential attributes to create a positive research culture. Maslow’s (1970 ) hierarchy of needs demonstrates how individuals can reach their full potential if their basic needs are met. Csikszentmihalyi (1975) work claims individuals are well motivated by achievable tasks, when they utilise their specific skills. Also when individuals are trusted by senior colleagues encourages motivation; however goals need to be clear and realistic. Receiving feedback is also important, employees need to be listened to and supported, and they also need recognition from managers. These concepts are also highlighted in Maslow’s (1970) theory, individuals need to feel valued and appreciated to maintain high levels of motivation. When employees lack motivation the picture that emerges is that of apathy and indifference, poor time keeping and high sickness rates. There is a tendency to resist change, to exaggerate difficulties within the workplace and a lack of co-operation in dealing with problems. Hertzberg was the first theorist to identify that satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work nearly always arose from different factors and were not simply opposing reactions to the same factors. Goleman (1998). â€Å"The opposite of job dissatisfaction is not job satisfaction, but no job dissatisfaction†. Hertzberg (1959). I used an inclusive approach in my role to promote motivation among the team. For example, regularly updating staff with any results or developments within the project, inviting staff to work alongside the research team so as to gain insight into the process of Clinical Research. I placed great emphasis on ensuring the staff felt valued in their role, without their contribution to the project the research could not happen. Ensuring two-way communication, a reminder of what the aim was and how it may impact on patient’s outcomes in the future was also important. As I set out in my new role as a Research Nurse, I knew little of the theory of Emotional Intelligence (EI) and how it can impact on productivity within a workforce. EI is a relatively recent behavioural model, originally developed by three psychologists, Mayer, Salovey et al (1998 ). The principles of EI provide a new way to understand and assess people’s behaviour, their styles of management, attitudes, interpersonal skills and potential. Reviewing the work of Goleman (1995) enabled me to recognise that people view things differently, what excites one person may create stress for another. Goleman (1998) identified five domains of EI. It is important to know your own emotions and to be able to manage them, this may help in motivating yourself. The ability to recognise and understand others emotions is necessary for organisational and individual development. EI can also be inter-linked with other behaviour, emotional and communication theories such as Neuro-linguistic Programming and empathy. Goleman believes that developing EI, people can become more productive and more effective when developing others. It can also be useful in reducing stress by decreasing conflict, improving relationships and understanding, increasing stability, continuity and harmony within the workplace. Guidelines for Promoting Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace were produced by Chermiss and Goleman (2011), summarising the best current knowledge relating to promoting EI in the workplace. Reviewing the literature an evaluating my role as a leader of a research team, I have a clearer understanding of leadership styles and models, and the importance of understanding the science of Emotional Intelligence and its effect on workforce performance. Using Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988) in future leadership roles will enable me to assess situations in a more timely structured and objective manner, rather than being reactionary and subjective, particularly when conflicts and poor performance indicator’s arise. I have identified that the leadership styles I have adopted in the past are a combination of pacesetting, affilliative, and participative. When I am time-pressured I can be coercive and fail to acknowledge the workload of the team, which can have a negative effect on performance. I aim to be able to combine more leadership styles more effectively and have greater self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills. To be more aware of your own emotional intelligence is a skill that needs mastered overtime, combining those skills with several leadership styles, and being able to evaluate your capacity and capabilities should result in effective leadership.

Character Analysis Moira in The Handmaids Tale Essay Example

Character Analysis Moira in The Handmaids Tale Essay Example Character Analysis Moira in The Handmaids Tale Paper Character Analysis Moira in The Handmaids Tale Paper Essay Topic: The Handmaids Tale In The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, Moira’s character is fierce and rebellious, as she battles Gilead’s oppressive system throughout the book. However, the other females subjected to similar treatment do not resist their oppression nearly as much as she does. As Atwood furthers the development of Moira’s character, the differences between her personality and that of the other handmaids’ are brought to light.The author uses diction and similes in order to show that while the other handmaids have come to accept their lives in Gilead, Moira continues to resist. Moira’s self identification as a lesbian directly challenges the ideals present in Gilead. While the Commander is giving a speech and presenting the new Angels with their brides, he says, â€Å"And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived was in the transgression†(Atwood 221). In this line, Atwood’s description of the woman’s actions as a â€Å"transgression† as well as the emphasis on the fact that Adam wasn’t deceived conveys a sense of male superiority. The author depicts the male avoiding deception while the female is depicted as being deceived and committing a crime, highlighting the exhortation of women in order to make them feel inferior to and reliant upon their male counterparts. Moira, however, is resistant to these speeches, as she has no desire to be with any males. Her sexual preference allows her to avoid being swayed to the idea that she needs a man to guide her in her life. Unlike Moira, the other handmaids have become brainwashed by the Red Center and are no longer opposed to the new regime proposed by them. While discussing the aftermath of Moira’s escape from Gilead, Offred says that, â€Å"Moira had power now, she’d been set loose, she’d set herself loose. She was now a loose woman. I think we found this frightening†(Atwood 135). In these lines, Atwood talks about Moira’s new found power after escaping Gilead, but more im

Giant Bison Facts and Figures

Giant Bison Facts and Figures Name: Bison latifrons; also known as the Giant Bison Habitat: Plains and woodlands of North America Historical Epoch: Late Pleistocene (300,000-15,000 years ago) Size and Weight: Up to eight feet high and two tons Diet: Grass Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; shaggy front legs; giant horns   About Bison Latifrons (the Giant Bison) Although they were certainly the best-known megafauna mammals of late Pleistocene North America, the Woolly Mammoth and American Mastodon werent the only giant plant-eaters of their day. There was also Bison latifrons, aka the Giant Bison, a direct ancestor of the modern bison, the males of which attained weights of close to two tons (the females were much smaller). The Giant Bison had equally giant horns - some preserved specimens span over six feet from end to end - though this grazer apparently didnt congregate in the giant herds characteristic of modern bison, preferring to roam the plains and woodlands in smaller family units. Why did the Giant Bison vanish from the scene at the cusp of the last Ice Age, about 15,000 years ago? The most likely explanation is that climate change impacted the availability of vegetation, and there simply wasnt enough food to sustain an extended population of one- and two-ton mammals. That theory is lent weight by subsequent events: the Giant Bison is believed to have evolved into the smaller Bison antiquus, which itself evolved into the even smaller Bison bison, which blackened the plains of North America until it was hunted to extinction by Native Americans and European colonists by the end of the 19th century.

Case 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case 1 - Assignment Example Development is more important to Aldi as compared to training. This is because it comprises training in itself and provides long-term solutions to any issues that may be facing an organization. Since development also incorporates the acquisition of a wider range of skills by the employees, it could help the organization in securing its future and acquiring sustainability, more than training would. The key benefit with development is the long-term factor. Aldi attracts its employees through offering competitive and industry leading salaries in all levels. The promise for development also plays a critical role in this perspective. With regard to training the employees, it uses both on-the-job and off-the-job training methods. On-the-job training involves employees working while undergoing training ensuring that then provided training is specific to the job. It involves coaching, mentoring, and job rotation. Off-the-job training is provided away from the work environment and is important in provision of transferable skills. The most important training method for Aldi is on-the-job training. This is because it provides job specific skills that are crucial in productivity. It is directly related to the profit making capability of the